CHAPTER 2 PARTICLE COMPOUNDS

Section 1 Hadrons
Section 2 Bosons
Section 3 Hyperons
Section 4 Mouns
Section 5 Intermediate Vector Bosons

HADRONSSection 1

PROTONS

A proton is a compound composed of three triplet substructures, two up quarks and one down quark.

Proton Anti-proton
udu dud

The interquark strong bond is the electrical bond that binds one quark substructure to another quark substructure within protons. If the quarks were configured as they are in the above illustration, then the interquark strong bond is the bond (between particle units of opposite charge within adjacent quark) holding the quarks together.

Protons are one unit of positive charge, because there is one more positive unit charge unit particle of matter in the proton compound structure in total than there are negative unit particles of matter. With the two up quarks each contributing two positive charge unit particles of matter and the down quark contributing one unit particle of matter, the positive charge total is five units. With the two up quarks each contributing one negative unit particle of matter and the down quark contributing two negative unit particles of matter, the negative unit particle total is four.

The four negative unit particles of matter complement only four of the five total positive unit particles of matter within the proton structure. Therefore, at a sufficient distance from the proton particle compound, the nine electrical fields of the nine unit particles of matter within the proton structure manifest as one net unit positive charge.

The electrical field of the proton is dominated by the one net positive unit.

The odd number of unit particles of matter composing the proton is at the cecnter of its ability to command of a great mass compared to the electron. The nine unit particles of matter allow a geometry where the proton is the first stable odd numbered strong force bound configuration after the single unit particle of matter structure of electronsss and protons.

Immediately evident is the direct correlation between the proton's interior electrical field structure and its mass. The interquark strong bonds between the quarks and the intraquark strong bonds within the quarks are responsible for capturing the great mass-energy held in the mass of a proton compared to the relatively simple structure of the lighter mass electron.

Computational modeling of the energy in the bonds between the nine unit particle of matters in the proton offers the possibility of someday viewing the internal structure of a proton.

NEUTRONS

A neutron is composed of a proton and a neutralizeing weak force bound negative unit particle of matter. The neutron decays 100% of the time into a neutrino and an electron. A neutrino and an electron combination bound by a weak force to a proton neutralizing the positive charge and covering it in a negative shroud.

Neutron Anti-Neutron
udu- or udd dud- or duu

An anti-neutron is composed of an anti-proton bound to a positron-neutrino combination by a weak force bond.

A weak force bond binds the matter and energy within the neutron the neutralizes the proton, the unit particle of matter and the mass that become the electron upon decay and the unit particles of matter in the doublet substructure and energy which become the neutrino upon decay . The component unit particles of matter which become the electron and the neutrino upon decay are not an electron or a neutrino while bound under the weak force forming the neutron, instead components are altered enough as to not be identifiable.

Considering that the decay products of the neutron are limited to a proton, an anti-neutrino, and an electron, it seems probable that the proton maintains its individual structural identity within the neutron. The additional mass of the neutron above that of the proton and electron would then be due to the weak bond structure binding the electron components of a unit particle of matter and .51MeV of mass-energy and the neutrino components to the proton.

Physicists know that an electron is not inside a neutron because an electron has a much larger wave function that a neutron. However, the wave function of the electron could altered beyond recognition by the weak force binding it to the neutron.

Neutrons are half integer spin particles.

In the diagram above, the smaller arrows indicate the north end of the magnetic dipole Given the above configuration, when the electron and anti-neutrino are ejected away from the proton during decay, the electron will have left hand spin and the anti-neutrino right hand spin.

The unit particles of matter inside the neutron substructure have their magnetic fields aligned such that the electron ejected from the decay of the neutron in the above example has left hand spin and the anti-neutrino has right hand spin.

The alignment of the composing matter unit particles of matter within the neutron structure explains the aymmetry of weak force interactions and why electrons emitted in weak interactions thave left hand spin and why positrons have right hand spin.

Exceptions to the rule, such as a right hand spin electron, would have to be caused by an interaction with another particle which caused the electron to flip on its spin axis.

Comparing the neutron to the proton indicates that the magnetic dipole moment is substantially altered from a proton to a neutron by the weak force bonded additional component unit particles of matter. The magnetic dipole moment of a proton is +2.8 where the magnetic dipole moment of an electron is -1.9.

The magnetic dipole moment of the neutron indicates that the neutron has a negatively charged shroud covering the proton. The proposed view of the weak force bound electron in the neutron is that the electrical field of the electron is folded over the proton.

The weak force bond represents partial folding of the electrical field of a unit particle of matter. The tertiary and secondary strong bonds represent increasingly more complete (stronger) folding of the electrical fields in their respective bond structures. The primary strong bond within a doublet represents the most complete folding of a unit particle of matter's electrical field.

Consider then that the electron-neutrino components combination to be bound directly to an individual positive unit particle of matter in one of the up quarks of the proton. As will be seen, the attachment of the electron-neutrino components combination to a particular unit particle of matter of the host is valuable in descerning the decay of a charged pion.