THE NATURE OF MATTER

PHYSICS MYSTERIES EXPLAINED PART III

THE NATURE OF FRACTIONAL CHARGE
CHAPTER 4

Section 1 Triplet Substructure of Quarks
Section 2
Quark Charged Matter Accounting

TRIPLET SUBSTRUCTURE OF QUARKS
SECTION 1

The Unit Particle of Matter Substructure Theory, and the subsequent distinction between matter and energy as components of Standard Model particles, were first realized by following the math of fractional charge and putting it together with the tripolar nature of the strong force.

The hypothesis that quarks might have a triplet group of unit charge particles as a substructure followed directly from the fractional charge math of quarks and from fractions being ratios of whole numbers.

There was a philosophical belief that fractional charge on a fundamental particle is impossible.

Matter

Anti-Matter

up = +2/3

anti-up = -2/3

down = -1/3

anti-down = +1/3


TABLE 1 TABLE 2

By definition, a fundamental charged particle must represent the unit charge. Since quarks were determined to have fractional charge characteristics, it followed that quarks must not be fundamental charged particles and that quarks must be, at the minimum, formed from groups of unit charge particles.

The fractional electrical charge mathematics of quarks signaled that quarks had a composite structure with the quarks made from more fundamental unit charge particle components, which when taken as a group accounted for the fractional charge mathematics.

The triplet substructure of quarks is dictated by the fractional charge mathematics. It was determined that quark fractional math could easily be explained by unit particles of matter composing the quark substructure.

The explanation of how the triplet unit substructure can explain quark fractional charge math is covered in the next section.

QUARK CHARGED MATTER ACCOUNTING
SECTION 2

Each method of Quark Charged Matter Accounting consists of two ratios, positive matter ratios and negative matter ratios.
Positive matter ratios, or 'Normal Matter Accounting', is the method presently employed in physics to calculate the electrical charge a quarks if the quark is a normal matter quark. If the quark is an anti-matter quark, then 'Negative Matter Accounting' or negative matter ratios is the method presently employed to calculate the charge of the anti-quarks.

The other half of each method, which is not presently exploited in modern physical theory, is in the grayed right side columns in Table 3 and in Table 4 . The same ratios are in both tables, just different ratios are used in each table.

Quark Charged Matter Accounting

Normal Matter Accounting

Anti-Matter Accounting

Positive Matter Ratios Negative Matter Ratios Negative Matter Ratios Positive Matter Ratios

up = +2/3

up = +1/3

anti-up = -2/3

anti-up = -1/3

down = -1/3

down = -2/3

anti-down = +1/3

anti-down = +2/3


TABLE 3 TABLE 4

Positive matter ratios track positive matter units in the numerator. Negative matter ratios track negative matter units in the numerator. Each ratio independently accounts for the charge of the opposites implicitly through the group sign.

The group sign is the overall charge of the group. The group sign is allowed through the group bound. The benefit of invoking a group bound in the accounting of charge is that it allows that only the relevant half of the charged matter need be tracked explicitly in the numerator.

Since the positive matter ratio half of Normal Matter Accounting counts positive units in the numerator, the -1/3 charge of the down quark is, one third because of the one positive unit in the substructure. There are three total unit charge particles in the group with a net negative charge giving the overall group charge of one unit negative.

FULL QUARK CHARGED MATTER ACCOUNTING DISCUSSION - STEP 1



Part III Chapter 3 The Nature of Rest Mass
Part III Chapter 5 The Nature of the Strong Force

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Last Update April 19, 2000Created: April 4, 1997

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